![]() ![]() All planets move in long, curved paths around the Sun that take the shape of circular and elliptical orbits.”įurther, the Earth and other planetary bodies are also not stationary and their constant movement needs to be calculated to devise the shortest, most fuel-efficient path for the spacecraft. In spaceflight, straight-line paths do not exist for the same reason. Too late, and you have missed them completely – you’d have to wait one lap until they came around again. Too early, and you are waiting around for them. You calculate your walk so that you arrive at the other side of the track at the same time as they do. It is a much shorter distance and you use a lot less energy and time getting there. Read | India signs the US-led Artemis Accords: What does it mean, how the country can benefitĪ much better way to intercept your athlete is simply to walk across the centre to the other side of the circular track. Amitabha Ghosh, a scientist for NASA’s Rover mission to Mars, explained what this means in The Indian Express thus: “Imagine a spacecraft hurtling through space, at 10 times the speed of an airplane, having to nearly come to a standstill in order to land gently on the Earth - all in a matter of a few minutes and, more importantly, without any human intervention. Mainly, the Chandrayaan-3 mission is to demonstrate India’s growing technical capabilities in the field and conduct a successful soft landing on the moon. The Large Area Soft X-Ray Spectrometer (CLASS), which measures the Moon’s X-ray spectrum to examine the presence of major elements such as magnesium, aluminium, silicon, calcium, titanium, iron, etc., found the minor elements chromium and manganese for the first time through remote sensing. It built on the discovery of water from Chandrayaan-1, and found signatures of water at all latitudes. Nevertheless, its Orbiter functioned well and was able to gather data. While Vikram was supposed to lose most of its velocity by the time it was 400m from the lunar surface, system errors led to it having a high velocity, resulting in a crash. It was launched in July 2019 and was only a partial success, because on September 7 that year, its lander, Vikram, and rover, Pragyaan, crashed on the Moon’s surface. Chandrayaan-2 brought together an Orbiter (to orbit the planetary body and not land on it), Lander (to land on its surface) and Rover (to move on the surface) with the goal of exploring the south pole of the Moon. ![]()
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